Bagan, located in Central Myanmar just four hours from Mandalay, is one of the world’s most significant archaeological treasures. This historic town boasts over 2,200 surviving temples, scattered across lush greenery by the Ayeyarwady River, with distant mountains adding to its mystical charm. The temples, towering above the trees, create a stunning landscape for visitors.
As the first capital of the Pagan Kingdom from the 9th to 13th centuries, Bagan saw the construction of over 10,000 Buddhist temples, pagodas, and monasteries during its golden age. Today, 2,200 of these structures remain, protected within the Bagan Archaeological Zone, where visitors can explore intricate carvings, frescoes, and Buddha statues. While only a handful of temples are regularly frequented, Bagan remains Myanmar’s top tourist attraction, offering ample transport services for exploration.
In addition to temple visits, a cruise on the Ayeyarwady River offers a relaxing way to enjoy the local scenery, with views of Mt. Sagaing, Pakokku, and Myingyan. The city, fortified in 849 AD, flourished as the capital of the Pagan Empire from 1044 to 1287, serving as a hub for both religious and secular studies before its decline.
Getting to Bagan is convenient, with flights available from major cities like Yangon and Mandalay. The Nyaung U Airport is the nearest to Bagan, and bus, train, and ferry services provide additional travel options, including scenic rides along the river.
Most attractive Tourist Spots
Ananda Temple
Ananda Temple, built in 1091 by King Kyansittha, is one of Bagan’s most famous pagodas, known for its unique Greek cross layout and artistic architecture. It stands 51 meters tall, with a compound measuring 180 by 182 meters. Inside, four colossal Buddha statues, each around 10 meters high, represent different phases of Buddha’s life after attaining nirvana. The temple has been rebuilt after a 17th-century fire and a 1975 earthquake, with its 900th anniversary celebrated in 1990.
Why visit?
It is Bagan’s grandest temple, housing four giant Buddha statues at cardinal points.
When to visit?
Bagan is open to visitors year-round.
How to get there?
Bagan is accessible by air, road, train, and ferry from major cities in Myanmar.
Bupaya Pagoda
Bupaya Pagoda, meaning “gourd pagoda,” is located on the right bank of the Ayeyarwady River in Bagan. Built by King Pyusawhti, the third ruler of Bagan, it features a bulbous dome. Though local legend dates it to the 3rd century, historians place its construction closer to the 9th or 11th century. Originally built in the Pyu style, it was destroyed by the 1975 earthquake and fell into the river.
Why visit?
Bupaya offers a stunning view of the Ayeyarwady River, especially at sunset, a popular spot for photography.
When to visit?
Bagan is open for visitors year-round.
How to get there?
Bagan is accessible by air, road, train, and ferry from major cities in Myanmar.
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Dhammayangyi Temple
Dhammayangyi Temple, the largest in Bagan, was built between 1167 and 1170 by King Narathu, known for his violent reign. The temple, resembling an Egyptian pyramid from a distance, is located about 1 km southeast of the city walls. Though incomplete, much of its arches and main structure remain intact.
Why visit?
This grand temple, measuring 77.7 meters on each side, features four entrances with seated Buddha statues. Its exquisite brickwork makes it a must-see.
When to visit?
Bagan is accessible year-round.
How to get there?
Reach Bagan by air, road, train, or ferry from major Myanmar cities.
Shwezigon Pagoda
Shwezigon Pagoda, located west of Nyaung U Town near Old Bagan, was initiated by King Anawrahta in 1059 AD and completed by his son, King Kyansittha, in 1102 AD. This Burmese stupa enshrines sacred relics, including the Buddha’s frontal and collar bones. Legend says the pagoda’s site was chosen by a white elephant carrying a Buddha tooth relic, stopping on a dune by the Ayeyarwady River, giving it the name “Shwezigon,” meaning “golden pagoda on the dune.”
What to see?
Standing 160 feet tall, Shwezigon is one of Bagan’s largest pagodas and a prototype of Burmese stupas. It features a gilded bell-shaped dome, three square terraces, and 550 green glazed tiles depicting Jataka stories. The pagoda complex includes shrines, including a notable nat shrine with 37 traditional spirits at the southeast corner, and two giant lions guard its entrances.
Best time to visit?
The Shwezigon Festival, held in November, is an excellent time to visit, offering a glimpse into Burmese Buddhist traditions.
How to get there?
Located about 5 km northeast of Old Bagan, Shwezigon is a short 5-minute drive from Nyaung U Town and 25 minutes from New Bagan. An electric bike is the best way to explore.
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Thatbinnyu Pagoda
Thatbinnyu Temple, located in the southeast corner of Bagan’s city wall, was built in 1144 AD by King Alaung Sithu, the grandson of King Kyansittha. Standing 61 meters tall, it is the highest temple in Bagan and can be easily seen from a hot air balloon or viewing tower.
Why visit?
As the tallest structure in Bagan, Thatbinnyu is a must-visit. It was one of Bagan’s first two-story pagodas, featuring a square base with three receding terraces, each with stupas at the corners. Its architecture reflects the rich history and culture of ancient Burma.
Best time to visit?
Visit in the morning or an hour before sunset for breathtaking views of Bagan.
How to get there?
Bagan is accessible by air, land, boat, and train. E-bikes, horse carts, and tuk-tuks are available for day travel around the area.
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